Frederick Delius 弗雷德里克·戴留斯

德裔英国作曲家。出生于布拉德福德。父亲是来自德国比勒费尔德的羊毛商人。戴留斯少年时从父经商，曾到德国和美国工作，后决定从事音乐事业。1886年入莱比锡音乐学院，并结识格里格。次年到巴黎居住并与拉威尔等人交往。1897年结婚后，定居在枫丹白露附近的格雷兹絮洛安，专心从事创作。1918-1922年曾短暂返回英国，后由于健康原因返回法国。晚年由于梅毒后遗症而瘫痪并双目失明，靠助手芬比帮助完成了最后一批作品。芬比也因为这个无私奉献的事迹而名垂青史，他本人曾写过一本书专门讲述他做戴留斯助手的经历。1934年戴留斯在格雷兹絮洛安去世。戴留斯对自然景物极为敏锐，善于描写大海，春天和田园风光。作品常用缓慢速度，形式不拘一格，和声清澈优美，配器富于特色，情调近似印象主义，但音乐语言较为保守，因受格里格影响而多有浪漫主义与民族乐派的因素。戴留斯的音乐最初在欧洲大陆非常流行，但在英国的声誉很晚才得以建立。著名指挥家比彻姆一直致力于推广戴留斯的作品。

Frederick Theodore Albert Delius,CH(/ˈdiːliəs/29 January 1862– 10 June 1934) was an English composer. Born in the north of England to a prosperous mercantile family, he resisted attempts to recruit him to commerce. He was sent toFloridain the United States in 1884 to manage an orange plantation. There he soon neglected his managerial duties, and in 1886 returned to Europe. Having been influenced byAfrican-American musicduring his short stay in Florida, he began composing. After a brief period of formal musical study in Germany beginning in 1886, he embarked on a full-time career as a composer in Paris and then in nearbyGrez-sur-Loing, where he and his wifeJelkalived for the rest of their lives, except during the First World War.

Delius's first successes came in Germany, where Hans Haym and other conductors promoted his music from the late 1890s. In Delius's native Britain, it was 1907 before his music made regular appearances in concert programmes, after Thomas Beecham took it up. Beecham conducted the full premiere of A Mass of Life in London in 1909 (he had premiered Part II in Germany in 1908); he staged the opera A Village Romeo and Juliet at Covent Garden in 1910; and he mounted a six-day Delius festival in London in 1929, as well as making gramophone recordings of many of Delius's works. After 1918 Delius began to suffer the effects of syphilis, contracted during his earlier years in Paris. He became paralysed and blind, but completed some late compositions between 1928 and 1932 with the aid of an amanuensis, Eric Fenby.

The lyricism in Delius's early compositions reflected the music he had heard in America and the influences of European composers such as Edvard Grieg and Richard Wagner. As his skills matured, he developed a style uniquely his own, characterised by his individual orchestration and his uses of chromatic harmony. Delius's music has been only intermittently popular, and often subject to critical attacks. The Delius Society, formed in 1962 by his more dedicated followers, continues to promote knowledge of the composer's life and works, and sponsors the annual Delius Prize competition for young musicians.

From：https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick Delius