Georges Pretre 乔治·普莱特

简介Biography

乔治·普雷特（Georges Prêtre，1924年8月14日－2017年1月4日），法国指挥家。
他曾在莫里斯·杜卢弗雷门下学习和声。毕业以后，在一些小的歌剧院中担任指挥。他在科米克歌剧院完成他的首演。他在皇家歌剧院首演是在1961年，稍后又在纽约大都会歌剧院、米兰斯卡拉歌剧院进行演出。他曾与玛丽亚·卡拉斯进行过多次合作，录制了卡门和托斯卡等作品。

除此之外，他还以演奏法国民族音乐而著名。其与弗朗西·普朗克关系甚密，多次演奏他的作品。在1999年，普莱特尔进行了一系列的演出来纪念普朗克的诞辰。
乔治·普雷特指挥过2008年和2010年的维也纳新年音乐会，85岁的他是该音乐会历史上最高齡的指挥。

乔治·普莱特对于中国爱乐者来说是一个传奇式的名字。他出生在法国，在杜埃和巴黎接受音乐教育，起初主学小号，后转向指挥，拜克路易坦为师，先在马赛与里昂等地任助理指挥，1946年在巴黎喜歌剧院正式登台。1959年指挥普朗克的歌剧《人类之声》后成为闻名的现代音乐作品指挥家，担任过许多现代作品的首演，对歌剧也深有研究，成为法国代表性歌剧指挥。这位60年代斯卡拉歌剧院的音乐指导曾经是全球最知名的指挥家之一，他最富盛名的阶段是与玛利亚·卡拉斯的长期合作，这使得他们两人的名字在唱片和海报上成了经典组合。维也纳爱乐乐团在2007年的第一天就急切地对外公布了2008年维也纳新年音乐会的特邀指挥，法国人乔治·普莱特出人意外地当选。届时，1924年出生的普莱特将以84岁的高龄第一次指挥这个具有悠久历史的年度音乐盛会。这是维也纳新年音乐会上又一位新面孔的“老”艺术家担任指挥。普莱特在广大乐迷心目中，或许并非当今国际乐坛的顶尖指挥大师，实力却不可小视;他尤其擅长指挥歌剧及法国音乐，担任过巴黎歌剧院交响乐团团长，还曾是维也纳交响乐团的常任指挥，在EMI唱片公司留下过不少有价值的录音唱片。

他为听众、观众所知，更多是源自 1992年他带领柏林爱乐乐团，指挥了当年主题为“法国之夜”的瓦尔德尼夏季森林音乐会，精彩的演出令人印象深刻。普莱特在艺术风格上会展示出怎样的特色，人们都非常期待，2008年指挥家普莱特所带来的施特劳斯家族作品能够让人感到耳目一新! 普莱特在1956-1963年期间任巴黎歌剧院交响乐团团长，还与卡拉斯精诚合作，为其指挥歌剧或演唱会。他对法国现代音乐造诣极深，是圣桑、普朗克音乐的权威诠释者。从1986年到1991年期间，普莱特是维也纳交响乐团的常任指挥。在2004年普莱特成为奥地利音乐之友协会的荣誉会员，在他80岁生日的那年还获得了奥地利科学与艺术的十字一级勋章，与维也纳爱乐乐团有着很深的联系。

摘自：https://www.sin80.com/artist/georges-pretre

Georges Prêtre (French pronunciation: [ʒɔʁʒ pʁɛːtʁ]; 14 August 1924 – 4 January 2017) was a French orchestral and opera conductor.Prêtre was born in Waziers (Nord), and attended the Douai Conservatory and then studied harmony under Maurice Duruflé and conducting under André Cluytens among others at the Conservatoire de Paris. Amongst his early musical interests were jazz and trumpet. After graduating, he conducted in a number of small French opera houses sometimes under the pseudonym Georges Dherain. His conducting debut was at the Opéra de Marseille in 1946. He also conducted at the opera houses in Lilleand Toulouse. His Paris debut was at the Opéra-Comique in Richard Strauss's Capriccio. He was director of the Opéra-Comique 1955–1959. He conducted at the Lyric Opera of Chicago 1959–1971. He was conductor, 1959, and music director 1970–1971, at the Paris Opéra. He was principal conductor of the Vienna Symphony 1986–1991. His Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, debut came in 1965, with first appearances at the Metropolitan Opera, New York City, and La Scala, Milan, also coming in the same decade. He worked with Maria Callas on a number of occasions, and made recordings of Carmen and Tosca with her. Aside from opera, Prêtre was best known for performances of French music, having conducted long and difficult works like Debussy's La mer and Ravel's Daphnis et Chloé without a score (i.e. from memory). He is especially associated with Francis Poulenc, giving the premiere of his opera La voix humaine at the Opéra-Comique in 1959 and his Sept répons des ténèbres in 1963. In 1999 he gave a series of concerts in Paris to celebrate the centenary of Poulenc's birth. In 1988 Marcel Landowski dedicated his Fourth Symphony to Prêtre. To many music lovers, however, Pretre's name will forever be associated with the 1959 world premiere of Joseph Jongen's Symphonie Concertante for Organ and Orchestra, Op. 81, with Virgil Fox and the Paris Opera Orchestra. He conducted the La Scala Orchestra in Franco Zeffirelli's 1982 film versions of Mascagni's Cavalleria rusticana and Leoncavallo's Pagliacci. Both films starredPlácido Domingo. In 2009, at the age of 85, he returned to these two Italian operas in the Roman amphitheater at Orange, for televised performances starringRoberto Alagna. Prêtre conducted the Vienna New Year's Concert twice, in 2008 and in 2010. He was the only French conductor to have been appointed for this role so far. Prêtre married Gina Marny in 1950, and they had two children (one son, one daughter). Interests included riding, swimming, aviation, judo, and karate. Prêtre died in France on 4 January 2017, aged 92. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Pr%C3%AAtre