Kurt Moll 库尔特·摩尔

简介Biography

摩尔出生于德国靠近科隆的Buir。孩提时期就开始拉大提琴，希望自己日后成为一名伟大的大提琴家。他还参加了学校的合唱团，合唱团的指挥鼓励他专心致志于歌唱事业。摩尔在科隆音乐学院师从Emmy Mueller学习了声乐。20岁那年，进入科隆歌剧院一直到1961年。摩尔曾在德国西部城市亚琛扮演歌剧《奥赛罗》中的大使罗德维考，这是他第一次在剧中担任主要角色。20世纪60年代期间，摩尔一直在德国地方性的歌剧院中扮演角色，在美因兹歌剧院唱了三年、在伍珀塔尔歌剧院唱了5年。1968年，他首次参加拜罗伊特音乐节，在《纽伦堡名歌手》中扮演Night Watchman 。那段时间里，男低音在欧洲一些主要舞台上已经成为普遍的角色，摩尔得以在拜罗伊特音乐节上连续演唱了几年，分别在《尼伯龙根的指环》中扮演巨人法夫纳、《特里斯坦与伊索尔德》中扮演国王马克等。

1970年他加入汉堡国家歌剧院，随后便在欧洲主要歌剧院开始了演出生涯。1974年，摩尔首次登上斯卡拉歌剧院的舞台，扮演国王马克；1977年，他在考文特花园音乐节上进行了首演，在德国歌剧导演格茨·弗里德里希制作的《魔弹射手》中扮演护林员卡斯帕尔。1974年，摩尔赴美国举办了首场演出，在旧金山歌剧院上演的瓦格纳歌剧《帕西法尔》中扮演圣杯骑士古内曼兹（2000年时，他和该剧院再次合作演出了这部歌剧）。在纽约大都会歌剧院1977/1978演出季的开幕日上，摩尔在美国著名指挥家詹姆斯·莱文的棒下，首次登上大都会歌剧院的舞台，在《唐豪瑟》中扮演庄园主赫尔曼。他还在那里扮演了贝多芬唯一一部歌剧《费德里奥》中的监狱看守罗可以及《弄臣》中的刺客斯帕拉夫契列。

摩尔拥有一种很特别的深沉男低音嗓音条件，这使得他具备了如同天鹅绒般的音色。因而他扮演的奥克斯、奥斯明、马克和萨拉斯特罗等角色都赢得了人们的普遍好感。考虑到自身嗓音的条件，摩尔扮演的男低音回避了一些华丽的角色；他不断拒绝演唱诸如《尼伯龙根的指环》里众神之王沃坦这样一些角色，相信过高的音域会使自己的声带拉紧，最终毁掉自己的嗓子。

摩尔的一生，给世人留下了丰富的录音遗产，他曾和著名的指挥家和乐团录制过歌剧、宗教音乐以及艺术歌曲，数次获得欧洲颇具声望的录音大奖。1990年，他因参与詹姆斯·莱文指挥的瓦格纳歌剧《莱茵的黄昏》录制而荣获格莱美大奖。

他在《玫瑰骑士》中扮演的奥克斯男爵，其不同的整场录音就不少于7次；而萨拉斯特罗和国王马克，则分别都有过6次录音；他还三次录制了海顿清唱剧《创世纪》中的拉斐尔。等等。他为Orfeo品牌录制的舒伯特富含哲理的艺术歌曲集《Lieder für Bass》，则为这类歌曲的演绎树立了一个新标杆。在和无数指挥家的合作中，摩尔特别称赞和卡拉扬的作品，卡拉扬在1984年指挥录制了古内曼兹和奥克斯两个角色。

2006年，当他在慕尼黑的巴伐利亚国家歌剧院演唱完Nachtwächter以后，摩尔从舞台演出生涯中退休，和家人居住在科隆。2011年1月，摩尔在卡内基音乐厅讲授了一节大师课。

2017年3月5日，在欧洲主要国家和北美舞台上有过近50年演出生涯的德国歌剧男低音歌唱家库尔特·摩尔（Kurt Moll1938.4.11-2017.3.5），在德国科隆不幸去世，享年79岁，去世原因尚未公布。

摘自：https://www.sin80.com/artist/kurt-moll

Kurt Moll (born 11 April 1938) is a very widely recorded German operatic bass singer,now retired.His voice was notable for its range, a true infra-bass (or oktavist bass, lower than basso profondo), including full, resonant low and very-low notes with relaxed vibrato; also for its unusual combination of extreme size and a purring, contrabassoon-like timbre.Although it was a large enough sound for most of Wagner's noble-bass roles, he was not a thunderer and he never performed as Hagen, Hans Sachs, nor Wotan. His interpretations tended to be restrained and intelligent, even in buffo roles like Baron Ochs and Osmin. Moll was born in Buir, near Cologne, Germany. As a child, he played the cello and hoped to become a great cellist. He also sang in the school choir, the conductor of which encouraged him to concentrate on singing. He studied voice at the Köln Hochschule für Musik with Emmy Müller. He joined the Cologne Opera at 20 and remained until 1961. He then sang for three years in Mainz and five years in Wuppertal. In 1969, he accepted an engagement with the Hamburg State Opera, and he then sang in all the major opera houses of Europe. He made his US debut with the San Francisco Opera as Gurnemanz in Richard Wagner's Parsifal in 1974, a role he reprised with that company in 2000. His Metropolitan Opera debut followed four years later, when he sang the Landgraf in Tannhäuser, Rocco in Fidelio and Sparafucile in Rigoletto. From that time he performed all over the world. He made a great many recordings of opera, sacred music, and lieder with many of the great conductors and piano-accompanists, winning several prestigious European record awards; he also won a 1990 Grammy Award for his participation in James Levine's 1988 recording of Das Rheingold. Moll can be heard as Ochs in no fewer than seven complete recordings of Der Rosenkavalier, as Sarastro in six recordings of Die Zauberflöte, as Marke in six sets of Tristan und Isolde, and as the Archangel Raphael in three recordings of Haydn's Die Schöpfung. His recording for the Orfeo label of Schubert's philosophical "Lieder für Bass" set a new standard for these songs. On commercial video as well he can be seen in many roles, including Sarastro (twice), Osmin, the Commendatore, Bartolo (Mozart), Hunding (three times), Gurnemanz, and Ochs (three times). Kurt Moll retired from the stage in 2006, after singing the Commendatore in Don Giovanni and, his last role, the Nachtwächter in Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg, both for the Bavarian State Opera in Munich. He gave a master class in January 2011 at Carnegie Hall. He lives in Cologne with his family.