John Dowland 约翰·道兰德

文艺复兴时期的英国作曲家，鲁特琴演奏家，歌手。他大概出生于伦敦。1580年他前往巴黎，在英国大使科汉姆及继任者斯塔福德手下任职，他在那时成为了一名天主教信徒。1584年回国。1594年他应聘宫廷鲁特秦家，却遭到了失败，他分析认为是他的宗教信仰导致了失败，不过他的这个说法却站不住脚，因为拥有同样宗教信仰的威廉·拜尔德就在宫廷任职。1598年，道兰德为丹麦宫廷工作，丹麦国王克里斯蒂安四世热心音乐，给道兰德非常好的待遇。不过道兰德却并不领情，往往由于各种缘由回去英国，最终他在1606年被解雇。1612年他终于成为了詹姆士一世的宫廷鲁特琴演奏家，1626年他在伦敦去世。

John Dowland(1563 – buried 20 February 1626) was an EnglishRenaissance composer,lutenist, and singer. He is best known today for hismelancholysongs such as "Come, heavy sleep" (the basis ofBenjamin Britten's 1963 composition for guitar solo,Nocturnal after John Dowland), "Come again", "Flow my tears", "I saw my Lady weepe" and "In darkness let me dwell", but his instrumental music has undergone a major revival, and with the 20th century'searly music revival, has been a continuing source of repertoire forlutenistsand classical guitarists.

There is no complete catalogue of Dowland's works[citation needed]. The fullest list is that compiled by Diana Poulton in her The collected Lute Music of John Dowland. P numbers are therefore sometimes used to designate individual pieces.

Published by Thomas Est in 1592, The Whole Booke of Psalmes contained works by 10 composers, including 6 pieces by Dowland.

The New Booke of Tabliture was published by William Barley in 1596. It contains seven solo lute pieces by Dowland.

Written for the professional choir of Westminster Abbey.

Of uncertain attribution are:

Dowland published his The First Booke of Songes or Ayres in London in 1597. It was one of the most influential and important musical publications of the history of the lute. This collection of lute-songs was set out in a way that allows performance by a soloist with lute accompaniment or various combinations of singers and instrumentalists.

The 21 songs are:

At the end of the book, Dowland included My Lord Chamberlain, His Galliard, a piece for two people to play on one lute.

Dowland published The Second Booke of Songs or Ayres, in 1600.

The songs are:

The Third and Last Booke of Songs or Aires was published in 1603.

The 21 songs are:

The Lachrimae, or Seaven Teares was published in 1604. It contains the seven pavans of Lachrimae itself and 14 others, including the famous Semper Dowland semper Dolens.

Dowland published a translation of the Micrologus of Andreas Ornithoparcus in 1609, originally printed in Leipzig in 1517, described as "a rather stiff and medieval treatise, but nonetheless occasionally entertaining".

The Varietie of Lute-Lessons was published by Dowland's son, Robert Dowland, in 1610. It contains solo lute works by Dowland.

A Musicall Banquet was published by Dowland's son, Robert Dowland, in 1610. It contains three songs by John Dowland.

Dowland's last work A Pilgrimes Solace, was published in 1612, and seems to have been conceived more as a collection of contrapuntal music than as solo works.

From：https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John Dowland