Arnold Bax 阿诺德·巴克斯

英国作曲家，诗人。出生于伦敦一个祖籍荷兰的中上层家庭，小时候即展露出过人的音乐天赋，尤其喜爱在钢琴上弹奏瓦格纳歌剧中的旋律。他最早与古典音乐发生亲密接触的几次经历中就包括欣赏瓦格纳的歌剧“特里斯坦与伊索尔德”，这部歌剧给他的音乐风格打下了深深的烙印。1900年至1905年求学于皇家音乐学院，毕业后前往德累斯顿，听到了理查施特劳斯的“莎乐美”以及马勒的交响曲。他评价马勒的交响曲为“古怪、冗长、混乱却非常有趣”。除了德奥浪漫主义的影响之外，巴克斯还受到爱尔兰凯尔特文化的影响，尤其是诗人威廉·巴特勒·叶芝的作品，这体现在他的音乐作品中。一战爆发后，由于心脏问题巴克斯被免于征招，不同于其他作曲家，这段时间他仍然能够专心于作曲，同时巴克斯恋上了钢琴家哈丽特·科昂，最终使他决定抛弃了自己原先的妻子与孩子。他搬往伦敦居住，并且在其余生创作了许多钢琴作品献给科昂。1937年巴克斯被授予爵士，1942年起任王室音乐指导。晚年巴克斯开始酗酒，这使他的创作受到了很大的影响。1953年巴克斯因突发心脏病于科克去世。

Sir Arnold Edward Trevor BaxKCVO(8 November 1883 – 3 October 1953) was an English composer, poet, and author. His prolific output includes songs, choral music, chamber pieces, and solo piano works, but he is best known for his orchestral music. In addition to a series ofsymphonic poemshe wrote seven symphonies and was for a time widely regarded as the leading British symphonist.

Bax was born in the London suburb of Streatham to a prosperous family. He was encouraged by his parents to pursue a career in music, and his private income enabled him to follow his own path as a composer without regard for fashion or orthodoxy. Consequently, he came to be regarded in musical circles as an important but isolated figure. While still a student at the Royal Academy of Music Bax became fascinated with Ireland and Celtic culture, which became a strong influence on his early development. In the years before the First World War he lived in Ireland and became a member of Dublin literary circles, writing fiction and verse under the pseudonym Dermot O'Byrne. Later, he developed an affinity with Nordic culture, which for a time superseded his Celtic influences in the years after the First World War.

Between 1910 and 1920 Bax wrote a large amount of music, including the symphonic poem Tintagel, his best-known work. During this period he formed a lifelong association with the pianist Harriet Cohen – at first an affair, then a friendship, and always a close professional relationship. In the 1920s he began the series of seven symphonies which form the heart of his orchestral output. In 1942 Bax was appointed Master of the King's Music, but composed little in that capacity. In his last years he found his music regarded as old-fashioned, and after his death it was generally neglected. From the 1960s onwards, mainly through a growing number of commercial recordings, his music was gradually rediscovered, although little of it is heard with any frequency in the concert hall. In more recent years, Bax’s music has been (re-)discovered enthusiastically by a new generation via online distribution services such as YouTube.

From：https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/'>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold Bax

阿诺德·埃德华·特雷弗·巴克斯爵士，KCVO（英语：Sir Arnold Edward Trevor Bax，1883年11月8日－1953年10月3日），英国作曲家，诗人。