Georg Muffat 乔治·穆法特

德国作曲家，管风琴家。出生于如今法国的默热沃。1663-1669年在巴黎求学。他的老师可能是吕利，但是并没有正式的说法。但是不管怎么样，穆法特以吕利的风格为自己的榜样。离开巴黎后，他回到阿尔萨斯就读耶稣学院并继续习音乐。之后成为流放的斯特拉斯堡天主教圣堂参事会的管风琴师。后因战事缘故，他到维也纳成为萨尔茨堡大主教的管风琴师。1680年他旅行前往意大利，在那里他师从帕斯奎尼学习管风琴，同时他还与科雷利相识。1690年后他在帕绍担任合唱乐长。1704年他在帕绍去世。穆法特是德国巴洛克时期一位重要的作曲家，也是弦乐器演奏的重要研究者。在旅居法国时，他把法国学派的弦乐演奏风格以及弓法的运用融会贯通，并在他返回德国后谱写出两册“音乐之花”，将法国的弦乐演奏传承给了德国。

Georg Muffat (1 June 1653 – 23 February 1704) was a Baroque composer and organist. He is most well known for the remarkably articulate and informative performance directions printed along with his collections of string pieces Florilegium Primum and Florilegium Secundum (First and Second Bouquets) in 1695 and 1698.

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1Life 2Works 3Media 4Recordings 5References 6External links Life[edit] Georg Muffat was born in Megève, Duchy of Savoy (now in France), of André Muffat (of Scottish descent) and Marguerite Orsyand. He studied in Paris between 1663 and 1669, where his teacher is often assumed to have been Jean Baptiste Lully. This assumption is largely based on the statement "For six years ... I avidly pursued this style which was flowering in Paris at the time under the most famous Jean Baptiste Lully."[1] This is ambiguous (in all of the languages in which it was printed) as to whether the style was flourishing under Lully, or that Muffat studied under Lully.[2] In any case, the style which the young Muffat learned was unequivocally Lullian and it remains likely that he had at least some contact with the man himself.

After leaving Paris, he became an organist in Molsheim and Sélestat. Later, he studied law in Ingolstadt, afterwards settling in Vienna. He could not get an official appointment, so he travelled to Prague in 1677, then to Salzburg, where he worked for the archbishop for some ten years. In about 1680, he traveled to Italy, there studying the organ with Bernardo Pasquini, a follower of the tradition of Girolamo Frescobaldi; he also met Arcangelo Corelli, whose works he admired very much. From 1690 to his death, he was Kapellmeister to the bishop of Passau.

Georg Muffat should not be confused with his son Gottlieb Muffat, also a successful composer.

Works[edit] His works are strongly influenced by both French and Italian composers:

Sonatas for various instruments (armonico tributo 1682); Orchestral suites (florilegium primum & secundum 1695); 12 Concerti grossi (auserlesene... instrumental Musik 1701) re-using some thematic material from armonico tributo 12 Toccatas for the organ as well as other pieces : passacaglia, chaconne, air with variations (Apparatus musico-organisticus 1690); some partitas for the harpsichord, kept as a manuscript several religious works (notably three masses, Salve Regina, etc.) from which only Missa in labore requies for twenty-four parts is preserved; 3 operas, all of which have been lost ("Marina Armena"; "Königin Marianne die verleumdete Unschuld"; "La fatali felicità di Plutone"). Muffat was, as Johann Jakob Froberger before him, and Handel after him, a cosmopolitan composer who played an important role in the exchanges between European musical traditions. The information contained within the Florilegium Primum and Secundum is nearly unique. These performance directions were intended to assist German string players with the idiom of the French dance style, and include detailed rules for the tempo and order of bow strokes in various types of movement, as well as more general strategies for good ensemble playing and musicianship. These texts remain extremely valuable for modern historically-interested musicians.

Media[edit] Toccata prima (help·info) Suite 2 - 1. Ouverture MENU 0:00 Performed by the Advent Chamber Orchestra Suite 2 - 2. Ballet MENU 0:00 Performed by the Advent Chamber Orchestra Suite 2 - 3. Bouree MENU 0:00 Performed by the Advent Chamber Orchestra Suite 2 - 4. Rondeau MENU 0:00 Performed by the Advent Chamber Orchestra Suite 2 - 5. Gavotte MENU 0:00 Performed by the Advent Chamber Orchestra Suite 2 - 6. Menuet 1 and 2 MENU 0:00 Performed by the Advent Chamber Orchestra Problems playing these files? See media help. Recordings[edit] Armonico Tributo by Les Muffatti (Ramée RAM0502) "Armonico Tributo & Florilegium Primum" by Ars Antiqua Austria & Gunar Letzbor 12 Concerti Grossi 1701 Musica Aeterna Bratislava (Naxos Records 8.555096, 8.555743) "12 Concerti Grossi 1701" by Capella Savaria & Pál Németh Toccate - Concerti da Chiesa, Martin Gester, Le Parlement de Musique, (Radio France - France Musique: Tempéraments TEM 316013) "Concertos I-VII" by Holland Baroque Society & Matthew Halls "Florilegium Secundum, Fasciculus I-IV" by The Academy of Ancient Music & Christopher Hogwood Apparatus musico-organisticus (Complete) by Adriano Falcioni, (Brilliant Classics94493) Apparatus musico-organisticus. Douze toccatas pour orgue by René Saorgin, (Harmonia Mundi HMU966-967) References[edit] ^ Muffat, Georg (1695). Florilegium Primum. Jakob Koppmayr. pp. Foreword. ^ Wilson, David K.; et al. (2001). Georg Muffat on Performance Practice. Bloomington, IN, USA: Indiana University Press. p. 3. External links[edit] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Georg Muffat. Free scores by Georg Muffat at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP) The Mutopia Project has compositions by Georg Muffat

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