塞娜•朱力纳琪 Sena Jurinac

塞娜•朱力纳琪（Sena Jurinac，1921－），前南斯拉夫女高音歌唱家，1921年10月24日出生于前南斯拉夫境内波斯尼亚的特拉夫尼克，原名Srebrenka，父亲是一名克罗地亚医生，母亲是维也纳人。 朱力纳琪早年就读于萨格勒布音乐学院，师从Milka Kostrencic学习声乐，1942年作为《波希米亚人》中的Mimì首演于萨格勒布，随后两年出演过Countess,Freia，在Werner Egk歌剧《Columbus》的世界首场演出中饰演Isabella，1944年23岁受聘于维也纳国家歌剧院，但迫于战争无法演出，直到1946年才出演了第一个角色Cherubino，第一年参加了超过150场的演出，在此演唱近四十年，并荣获“Kammersängerin”称号和莫扎特奖章，期间于1946年随维也纳公司在伦敦Covent花园出演了Dorabella，1947年首次亮相萨尔茨堡艺术节，在米兰斯卡拉歌剧院出演了Cherubino，连同Irmgard Seefried,Elisabeth Schwarzkopf,Christa Ludwig,Lisa della Casa,Anton Dermota等，很快成为“Wiener Ensemble”的出色成员之一，1951年至1956年间经常造访英国，在Glyndebourne艺术节上担纲了莫扎特首席女高音，作为Countess和Ilia非别参加了《Figaro》和《Idomeneo》的录制，1959年作为《蝴蝶夫人》的剧名角色在旧金山做了美国首演，同年和1963年也经常演出于伦敦Covent花园，1961年在Klemperer制作的贝多芬歌剧《Fidelio》中出演了Leonore，她出演的剧目角色包括了Amor,Butterfly,Cherubino,《Ariadne auf Naxos》中的Composer,Countess Almaviva,Desdemona,Donna Anna,Donna Elvira,Dorabella,瓦格纳《Tannhäuser》中的Elisabeth，《Don Carlos》中的Elisabetta，Eurydice,Fiordiligi,Ilia,Iphigenia,Jenufa, 《La Forza del Destino》中的Leonora，《Fidelio》中的Leonore，《Wozzeck》中的Marie，《Boris Godunov》中的Marina，《Fidelio》中的Marzelline,Octavian,Pamina,Poppea和Tosca等，1982年11月作为Marschallin一角在维也纳国家歌剧院做了告别演出。

Srebrenka "Sena Jurinac (Serbo-Croatian pronunciation: [srêbreːŋka sěːna jurǐːnat͜s]) (24 October 1921 – 22 November 2011) was aBosnia-born Croatian-Austrian operatic soprano. Biography Jurinac was born in Travnik, Bosnia-Herzegovina (then part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia), the daughter of a Croatian father (a doctor) and a Viennese mother. She studied at the Zagreb Academy of Music, and with Milka Kostrenčić. Her voice was pitched exactly between soprano and mezzo. Her repertoire included Poppea, Elisabetta (Don Carlos), Desdemona (Otello), Elisabeth (Tannhäuser), Ilia, Iphigenia, Jenůfa, Leonora (La forza del destino), the Composer (Ariadne auf Naxos), Marie (Wozzeck), Pamina (The Magic Flute), Mimi, Butterfly and Tosca. In many operas, her repertoire included more than one major role: Cherubino and Countess Almaviva, Donna Anna and Donna Elvira, Fiordiligi and Dorabella, Amor and Eurydice, Leonore and Marzelline (Fidelio), Marina and Fyodor (Boris Godunov); Octavian, occasionally Sophie and finally the Marschallin. She also played supporting roles in The Ring of the Nibelung: Woglinde, Gutrune and several of the Norns.[citation needed] She débuted as Mimi at Zagreb in 1942. In the following two years she sang the Countess, Freia, and Isabella in the première of Werner Egk's Columbus. In 1943, she was summer student of Anna von Mildenburg at the Salzburg Mozarteum. She appeared in the first Croatian sound movie, Lisinski (1944). In 1944, the Vienna State Opera engaged her, where she was first nicknamed "Sena". Conductor Karl Böhm's secretary suggested it because she feared the pronunciation of "Srebrenka" would cause difficulties for many Austrians. Because of the war, and the consequential closing of the opera three days after her arrival, she was unable to sing at the Vienna State Opera until 1946, when her first role was Cherubino. In the first year at the Staatsoper, she sang more than 150 performances. She remained associated with the company for almost four decades, receiving an honorary membership of the company with the title of Kammersängerin. In the autumn of 1947, she appeared at Covent Garden with others of the Vienna company, singing Dorabella. Her Salzburg Festival début was in 1947. She appeared at La Scala as Cherubino, and became established as one of the Wiener Ensemble (together with Irmgard Seefried, Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, Christa Ludwig, Lisa della Casa, Anton Dermota and others). In 1951, she recorded Richard Strauss's Four Last Songs, shortly after Kirsten Flagstad had sung the world premiere in London. She often visited England, where between 1951 and 1956 she sang the principal Mozart soprano roles at Glyndebourne, recording both the Countess in Figaro and Ilia inIdomeneo. She appeared regularly at Covent Garden between 1959 and 1963, singing Leonore in Fidelio under Otto Klemperer in 1961. Her American début was in the title role of Madama Butterfly, in San Francisco in 1959. Her portrayal of Octavian is preserved in the Paul Czinner film of Der Rosenkavalier, conducted by Herbert von Karajan with Schwarzkopf as the Marschallin. Her final operatic performance was as the Marschallin at the Vienna State Opera in November 1982. She continued to give recitals and master classes, and served on the juries of international singing competitions. Jurinac was married twice. Her first marriage was to the Italian baritone Sesto Bruscantini from 1953 to 1956. The marriage ended in divorce. In 1965, she married Josef Lederle, and the marriage lasted until his death in 2005. She left no immediate survivors. <a href="<a href=" https:="" en.wikipedia.org="" wiki="" sena_jurinac'="">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sena_Jurinac'>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sena_Jurinac