朱塞佩·托雷利 Giuseppe Torelli

意大利小提琴家，音乐教师，作曲家。他是如今协奏曲体裁的创始人，包括大协奏曲以及单独乐器的协奏曲。托雷利出生于维罗纳，早年曾师从于佩尔蒂学习音乐。1684年在博洛尼亚的爱乐协会担任小提琴手。1686-1695年在博洛尼亚的圣白托略大殿担任提琴手等职。1698-1699年在安斯巴赫任勃兰登堡侯爵乐队乐长。1700年到维也纳。1701年回圣白托略大殿任管弦乐团小提琴手。1709年在博洛尼亚去世。托雷利作有历史上最早的独奏小提琴协奏曲，开始有意识突出独奏乐器的炫技以及与协奏乐队的对比。他还对协奏曲的三乐章模式的确立作出了贡献。之后协奏曲体裁被亨德尔、科雷利等作曲家所效仿而发扬光大。

Giuseppe Torelli(22 April 1658, Verona – 8 February 1709, Bologna) was an Italianviolist,violinist,teacher, andcomposer.

Torelli is most remembered for contributing to the development of the instrumental concerto (Newman 1972, p. 142), especially concerti grossi and the solo concerto, for strings and continuo, as well as being the most prolific Baroque composer for trumpets(Tarr 1974).

Torelli was born in Verona. It is not known with whom he studied violin though it has been speculated that he was a pupil of Leonardo Brugnoli or Bartolomeo Laurenti, but it is certain that he studied composition with Giacomo Antonio Perti(Schnoebelen and Vanscheeuwijk 2001). On 27 June 1684, at the age of 26, he became a member of the Accademia Filarmonica as suonatore di violino (Schnoebelen and Vanscheeuwijk 2001). On 1687 Giuseppe Corsi da Celano played Torelli's music, from Op. 3, in Parma at the Sanctuary of Santa Maria della Steccata.(Ciliberti and Tribuzio 2014) By 1698 he was maestro di concerto at the court of Georg Friedrich II, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, where he conducted the orchestra for Le pazzie d'amore e dell'interesse, an idea drammatica composed by the maestro di cappella, and the castrato Francesco Antonio Pistocchi, before leaving for Vienna in December 1699. He returned to Bologna sometime before February 1701, when he is listed as a violinist in the newly re-formed cappella musicale at San Petronio, directed by his former composition teacher Perti (Schnoebelen and Vanscheeuwijk 2001).

He died at age 50 in Bologna in 1709, where his manuscripts are conserved in the San Petronio archives. Giuseppe's brother, Felice Torelli, was a Bolognese painter of modest reputation, who went on to be a founding member of the Accademia Clementina. The most notable amongst Giuseppe's many pupils was Francesco Manfredini.

From:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/'>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe Torelli